Brainmapping 2004

Over the past 20 years, a method of QEEG analysis known as Neurometrics was developed, verified and validated by Dr. E.R. John and his associates at the Brain Research Laboratory of New York University's Medical Center. Neurometrics is used to statistically analyze the standardized, quantitative electrophysiological features of the EEG and compare them to an established normative database. Neurometrics is now used in hundreds of hospitals, clinics and research centers around the world. Normative values have been statistically described and independently confirmed by researchers in Barbados, China, Cuba, Germany, Japan, Korea, Mexico, The Netherlands, Sweden, Venezuela, and the United States.

The results of these investigations have confirmed that statistically significant deviations from Neurometric values are found in high proportions of patients with psychiatric illness, developmental disorders, cerebrovascular disease, early stages of dementia, and mild head injury, but abnormal findings seldom occur in normally functioning individuals. Obtaining such objective biological information can be an invaluable adjunct to patient evaluation, diagnosis, treatment selection and monitoring.

The Neurometrics Analysis System (NAS) as cleared for medical use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the post-hoc statistical evaluation for the EEG under FDA 5 1 0 (k) K974748 in July 1998. Neurometrics provides a sound, extensively tested data selection and analysis method, rigorously defined and accurate statistics relative to validated normals, and the largest clinical QEEG database in the world.

Neurometrics advanced EEG analysis instruments now provide the clinician with the ability to produce color-coded topographic maps of various quantitative measures of the brain's electrical activity. When properly transformed and evaluated against a normative database, such maps can be used to display the anatomical location or distribution of a physiological abnormality.

Neurometrics Increases the Accuracy of Psychiatric Diagnosis and Treatment Selection

Psychiatry is integrating more physiological data into diagnosis and treatment selection as functional brain imaging provides more insight into the central nervous system. Scientific research has shown that quantitative analysis of brain electrical activity (Neurometrics) provides meaningful information about brain pathology that cannot be found using traditional visual inspection of analog data or structural examinations of the brain.

By combining the physiological data from Neurometric analysis with behavioral characterizations in the DSM-IV-R, psychiatrists have reported increased accuracy in their diagnoses, more effective treatment selection, and an overall improvement in the quality of patient care.

	Attention Deficit Disorder
	Learning Disabled/Developmental Delay
	Depression
	Bipolar Disorders
	Dementia
	Schizophrenia
	Obsessive Compulsive Oppositional Defiant Disorder
	Anxiety
	Abnormal EEG

Using the data obtained from over 7,000 patients in the neurometric clinical database, multiple discriminant functions have been constructed for the differential classification of patients with a variety of cognitive and psychiatric disorders, including attention deficit disorder, alcoholism, mild head injuries, learning disabilities, schizophrenia, OCD, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, anxiety and primary degenerative dementia. Classification accuracy, as defined by independent replications, is estimated between 80 and 90 percent depending on the disorder.

Neurophysiologists have systematically built a database of neurometric data at the Brain Research Laboratories at New York University Medical Center that encompasses thousands of QEEG records and accompanying psychometric data. These records include assessments of patients demonstrating most major neuropsychiatry disorders. In addition to this database, a large body of research has accumulated that has applied QEEG finding to many clinical populations in a wide variety of experimental research settings.

Neurometric method requires an understanding of statistical procedures that are well beyond the training of most physicians and medical researchers. It is with the neuropsychiatry disorders affecting cognition and emotional response that QEEG has demonstrated its greatest usefulness.

Multivariate discriminant functions can be used to accomplish highly accurate complex pattern recognition, similar to the clinician considering multiple indices of a patient's problem and defining a clinical diagnosis. Computer analysis of electrophysiological data produces a matrix of measures. A topographic map displays the value of a selected measure across 19 electrode locations. The matrices yielded by a Neurometric evaluation actually contain more than 50 rows of measures.

There are three main sub-types of Attention Deficit Disorder which require different types of medication

Define the difference between neurological based behavior and emotional/environmental based behavior

Define the difference between depressive symptoms that are neurological based vs. emotional based

Helps identify abnormal functions due to undiagnosed previous injury. ex. head injury, environmental toxicity.

	Objective measure of EEG Neuropsychological functions
	Provides physician and client with brain profile
	Researched and published medication and treatment recommendations that responds best to each individual profile
	Comprehensive report will provide patient and client with objective information to help in correct diagnosis
	Re-test can reveal treatment efficacy or further deterioration
	Assists in developing a comprehensive treatment plan